In Novel Class Discovery (NCD), the goal is to find new classes in an unlabeled set given a labeled set of known but different classes. While NCD has recently gained attention from the community, no framework has yet been proposed for heterogeneous tabular data, despite being a very common representation of data. In this paper, we propose TabularNCD, a new method for discovering novel classes in tabular data. We show a way to extract knowledge from already known classes to guide the discovery process of novel classes in the context of tabular data which contains heterogeneous variables. A part of this process is done by a new method for defining pseudo labels, and we follow recent findings in Multi-Task Learning to optimize a joint objective function. Our method demonstrates that NCD is not only applicable to images but also to heterogeneous tabular data.

在新颖的类发现（NCD）中，目标是在一个未标记的集合中找到新的类，并给定一组已知但不同的类别。尽管NCD最近引起了社区的关注，但尽管非常普遍的数据表示，但尚未提出异质表格数据的框架。在本文中，我们提出了TabularNCD，这是一种在表格数据中发现新类别的新方法。我们展示了一种从已知类别中提取知识的方法，以指导包含异质变量的表格数据中新型类的发现过程。该过程的一部分是通过定义伪标签的新方法来完成的，我们遵循多任务学习中的最新发现以优化关节目标函数。我们的方法表明，NCD不仅适用于图像，而且适用于异质表格数据。进行了广泛的实验，以评估我们的方法并证明其对7种不同公共分类数据集的3个竞争对手的有效性。

We explore the abilities of two machine learning approaches for no-arbitrage interpolation of European vanilla option prices, which jointly yield the corresponding local volatility surface: a finite dimensional Gaussian process (GP) regression approach under no-arbitrage constraints based on prices, and a neural net (NN) approach with penalization of arbitrages based on implied volatilities. We demonstrate the performance of these approaches relative to the SSVI industry standard. The GP approach is proven arbitrage-free, whereas arbitrages are only penalized under the SSVI and NN approaches. The GP approach obtains the best out-of-sample calibration error and provides uncertainty quantification.The NN approach yields a smoother local volatility and a better backtesting performance, as its training criterion incorporates a local volatility regularization term.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a method for real-time 2D-3D non-rigid registration using a single fluoroscopic image. Such a method can find applications in surgery, interventional radiology and radiotherapy. By estimating a three-dimensional displacement field from a 2D X-ray image, anatomical structures segmented in the preoperative scan can be projected onto the 2D image, thus providing a mixed reality view. Methods: A dataset composed of displacement fields and 2D projections of the anatomy is generated from the preoperative scan. From this dataset, a neural network is trained to recover the unknown 3D displacement field from a single projection image. Results: Our method is validated on lung 4D CT data at different stages of the lung deformation. The training is performed on a 3D CT using random (non domain-specific) diffeomorphic deformations, to which perturbations mimicking the pose uncertainty are added. The model achieves a mean TRE over a series of landmarks ranging from 2.3 to 5.5 mm depending on the amplitude of deformation. Conclusion: In this paper, a CNN-based method for real-time 2D-3D non-rigid registration is presented. This method is able to cope with pose estimation uncertainties, making it applicable to actual clinical scenarios, such as lung surgery, where the C-arm pose is planned before the intervention.

Although deep networks have shown vulnerability to evasion attacks, such attacks have usually unrealistic requirements. Recent literature discussed the possibility to remove or not some of these requirements. This paper contributes to this literature by introducing a carpet-bombing patch attack which has almost no requirement. Targeting the feature representations, this patch attack does not require knowing the network task. This attack decreases accuracy on Imagenet, mAP on Pascal Voc, and IoU on Cityscapes without being aware that the underlying tasks involved classification, detection or semantic segmentation, respectively. Beyond the potential safety issues raised by this attack, the impact of the carpet-bombing attack highlights some interesting property of deep network layer dynamic.

Computer vision and machine learning are playing an increasingly important role in computer-assisted diagnosis; however, the application of deep learning to medical imaging has challenges in data availability and data imbalance, and it is especially important that models for medical imaging are built to be trustworthy. Therefore, we propose TRUDLMIA, a trustworthy deep learning framework for medical image analysis, which adopts a modular design, leverages self-supervised pre-training, and utilizes a novel surrogate loss function. Experimental evaluations indicate that models generated from the framework are both trustworthy and high-performing. It is anticipated that the framework will support researchers and clinicians in advancing the use of deep learning for dealing with public health crises including COVID-19.

Deep learning surrogate models are being increasingly used in accelerating scientific simulations as a replacement for costly conventional numerical techniques. However, their use remains a significant challenge when dealing with real-world complex examples. In this work, we demonstrate three types of neural network architectures for efficient learning of highly non-linear deformations of solid bodies. The first two architectures are based on the recently proposed CNN U-NET and MAgNET (graph U-NET) frameworks which have shown promising performance for learning on mesh-based data. The third architecture is Perceiver IO, a very recent architecture that belongs to the family of attention-based neural networks--a class that has revolutionised diverse engineering fields and is still unexplored in computational mechanics. We study and compare the performance of all three networks on two benchmark examples, and show their capabilities to accurately predict the non-linear mechanical responses of soft bodies.

The French National Institute of Geographical and Forest Information (IGN) has the mission to document and measure land-cover on French territory and provides referential geographical datasets, including high-resolution aerial images and topographic maps. The monitoring of land-cover plays a crucial role in land management and planning initiatives, which can have significant socio-economic and environmental impact. Together with remote sensing technologies, artificial intelligence (IA) promises to become a powerful tool in determining land-cover and its evolution. IGN is currently exploring the potential of IA in the production of high-resolution land cover maps. Notably, deep learning methods are employed to obtain a semantic segmentation of aerial images. However, territories as large as France imply heterogeneous contexts: variations in landscapes and image acquisition make it challenging to provide uniform, reliable and accurate results across all of France. The FLAIR-one dataset presented is part of the dataset currently used at IGN to establish the French national reference land cover map "Occupation du sol \`a grande \'echelle" (OCS- GE).

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

考虑到数据注释的成本以及几乎没有标记的样本所提供的准确性提高，几乎没有射击的成本，几乎没有射击的转移学习越来越多。尤其是在少量分类（FSC）中，最近的作品探索了旨在最大程度地相对于未知参数的可能性或后二阶段的特征分布。遵循这种静脉，并考虑到FSC和聚类之间的平行，我们寻求更好地考虑到由于缺乏数据而导致的估计不确定性，以及与每个类相关的群集的统计属性更好。因此，在本文中，我们提出了一种基于变异贝叶斯推论的新聚类方法，基于概率线性判别分析，自适应维度降低进一步改善。当应用于先前研究中使用的功能时，我们提出的方法可显着提高在各种少量基准测试的现实不平衡转导设置中的准确性，其准确性高达$ 6 \％$。此外，当应用于平衡设置时，我们将获得非常有竞争力的结果，而无需使用对实际用例的级别平衡伪像。我们还提供了方法的性能，以高性能的主链链链，其报告的结果进一步超过了当前的最新准确性，这表明该方法的通用性。